# 第三册 Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic 泰坦尼克号的沉没

## 一、课文原文

The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1,316 passengers and a crew of 891. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.

Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1,500 lives were lost.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| colossal | /kəˈlɒsl/ | adj. | 巨大的，庞大的 | = huge/enormous/massive |
| unsinkable | /ʌnˈsɪŋkəbl/ | adj. | 不沉的 | un- + sink + -able |
| watertight | /ˈwɔːtətaɪt/ | adj. | 防水的，不漏水的 | water + tight 严密的 |
| compartment | /kəmˈpɑːtmənt/ | n. | 密封舱，隔间 | ~s 密封舱 |
| float | /fləʊt/ | v. | 漂浮 | ~ on the water 漂在水上 |
| tragic | /ˈtrædʒɪk/ | adj. | 悲惨的，悲剧的 | tragedy n. 悲剧 |
| liner | /ˈlaɪnə/ | n. | 班轮，客轮 | ocean ~ 远洋客轮 |
| voyage | /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ | n. | 航行，航海 | on a ~ 在航行中 |
| collision | /kəˈlɪʒən/ | n. | 碰撞 | collide v. 碰撞 |
| narrowly | /ˈnærəʊlɪ/ | adv. | 勉强地，险些 | ~ miss 差点撞上 |
| faint | /feɪnt/ | adj. | 微弱的 | a ~ sound 微弱的声音 |
| abandon | /əˈbændən/ | v. | 放弃，抛弃 | ~ ship 弃船 |
| plunge | /plʌndʒ/ | v. | 投入，跳入 | ~ into 跳入/投入 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 虚拟语气（与过去事实相反）

*Even if two of these were flooded, she **would still be able to** float.*

条件从句用过去式（were），主句用would + 动词原形，表示对过去/现在的假设。

| 类型 | 从句 | 主句 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|------|
| 与现在事实相反 | did/were | would do | If I were you, I would go. |
| 与过去事实相反 | had done | would have done | If she had come, she would have seen him. |
| 与将来事实相反 | did/were to/should | would do | If it rained tomorrow, I would stay home. |

### 2. so... that... 句型

*The noise had been **so** faint **that** no one thought that the ship had been damaged.*

| 结构 | 功能 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| so + adj. + that | 如此...以至于 | He was so tired that he fell asleep. |
| such + n. + that | 如此的...以至于 | It was such a good book that I read it twice. |

### 3. 过去完成时

*After the alarm **had been given**, the great ship turned sharply...*

"过去的过去"——报警发生在转向之前。

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. "She was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable..."
- **句型**：not only... but (also)... 不但...而且...（also可省略）
- **仿写**：He is not only a great musician but a wonderful teacher.

### 2. "The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice..."
- **句型**：narrowly + 现在分词，表示"险些做某事但未发生"
- **仿写**：The car swerved, narrowly hitting the tree.

### 3. "The captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly..."
- **句型**：to one's + 情感名词，表示"令某人...的是"
- **仿写**：To my surprise, she agreed immediately.

### 4. "As there were not enough lifeboats for everybody, 1,500 lives were lost."
- **句型**：As引导原因状语从句
- **仿写**：As the weather was bad, the match was cancelled.

## 五、课文翻译

1912年4月10日，巨轮"泰坦尼克号"从南安普顿启航驶往纽约。船上载有1,316名乘客和891名船员。即使按现代标准衡量，46,000吨的泰坦尼克号也是一艘巨轮。然而在当时，它不仅是迄今所建造的最大轮船，而且被认为是不会沉没的，因为它有16个密封舱。即使其中两个进水，它仍能浮在水上。这艘巨轮的悲惨沉没将永远被人铭记，因为它在首航中就沉没了，造成了惨重的伤亡。

启航4天后，泰坦尼克号正航行在北大西洋冰冷的海面上，瞭望员突然发现了一座巨大的冰山。警报发出后，巨轮急转弯以避免正面碰撞。泰坦尼克号恰好转过了方向，险些撞上旁边高出水面100多英尺的巨大冰墙。突然，从船底下传来轻微的颤动声，船长下去查看发生了什么事。那声音很微弱，没人想到船体已受损。在底舱，船长惊恐地发现泰坦尼克号正在迅速下沉，因为16个密封舱中已有5个被水淹没！弃船命令下达后，数百人跳入冰冷的海水中。由于没有足够的救生艇供所有人使用，1,500人丧生。

## 六、语言点精讲

### 写作手法
1. **对比手法**："不会沉没"的自信与首航即沉的惨剧形成尖锐对比
2. **数据驱动**：大量精确数据（46,000吨、16个密封舱、1,500人丧生等），增强真实感
3. **叙事节奏**：从平稳叙述到突发危机，节奏由慢变快，营造紧张气氛

### 文化背景
1. **泰坦尼克号**：1912年4月15日沉没，是20世纪最著名的海难事故，此后国际海事法加强了救生艇配备要求。
2. **"不会沉没"**：当时媒体和造船业的过度自信，"unsinkable"一词成为事后讽刺的标志。
3. **冰山航线**：北大西洋春季冰山频现，泰坦尼克号收到多次冰山警告但未减速。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. **虚拟语气**的三种类型（与过去/现在/将来事实相反）
2. **so... that...** 与 **such... that...** 的区别
3. **过去完成时**在叙事中的时间关系
4. **not only... but...** 的倒装形式

## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 要点 |
|------|------|
| 核心主题 | 泰坦尼克号的沉没 |
| 重点语法 | 虚拟语气、so... that...、过去完成时 |
| 核心词汇 | colossal, watertight, compartment, collision, abandon, plunge |
| 写作特色 | 对比手法、数据驱动、叙事节奏变化 |
| 难点 | 虚拟语气的三种类型及主从句时态搭配 |